Source

Vagrant

Creating a Base Box

Publicly available base boxes usually use vagrant as a password for the root user.

% passwd
Changing password for user root.
New Unix password: vagrant
...

Add vagrant user with the insecure keypair.

% useradd vagrant
% su - vagrant
$ mkdir .ssh
$ chmod 700 .ssh
$ cd .ssh
$ curl "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitchellh/vagrant/master/keys/vagrant.pub" > authorized_keys
$ chmod 600 authorized_keys
$ export HISTSIZE=0
$ exit

Allow passwordless sudo for the vagrant user and remove requiretty if it exists.

% visudo
...
vagrant ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD: ALL
...
#Defaults requiretty

Set UseDNS no in the SSH server configuration.

% vi /etc/ssh/sshd_config
...
UseDNS no
...

Clear any working files, bash history and so on and then shutdown the VM.

% yum clean all
% rm /tmp/*
% umount /mnt/cdrom
...
% export HISTSIZE=0
% shutdown -h now

Use the package sub-command to create.

% vagrant package --base "CentOS-6.4-x86_64-minimal" --output /path/to/package.box

Resizing a Volume

  • VirtualBox Manager
    1. Extend the capacity of a virtual machine disk.
  • Virtual Machine
    1. Add a new Linux LVM partition.
    2. Create a new physical volume in the new partition.
    3. Add the new physical volume to the volume group.
    4. Extend the logical volume.
    5. resize2fs the logical volume.

Halt the target box to be modified before you begin.

% cd /path/to/<targetbox>
% vagrant halt

Vagrant uses the .vmdk format for virtual machine disks.

% cd "/path/to/VirtualBoxVMs/<targetbox>"
% ls
... <current>.vmdk

In order to resize the .vmdk file, clone into the .vdi file and then resize and clone it into another .vmdk file.

% VBoxManage clonehd <current>.vmdk <cloned>.vdi --format vdi
0%...10%...20%...30%...40%...50%...60%...70%...80%...90%...100%

% VBoxManage showhdinfo <cloned>.vdi
...
Capacity:       8192 MBytes

% VBoxManage modifyhd <cloned>.vdi --resize 16384
0%...10%...20%...30%...40%...50%...60%...70%...80%...90%...100%

% VBoxManage showhdinfo <cloned>.vdi
...
Capacity:       16384 MBytes

% VBoxManage clonehd <cloned>.vdi <resized>.vmdk --format vmdk

Replace the current .vmdk with the resized .vmdk.

% VBoxManage showvminfo <targetbox>
...
SATA (0, 0): /path/to/VirtualBoxVMs/<targetbox>/<current>.vmdk (UUID: ...)
...

% VBoxManage storageattach <targetbox> \
--storagectl "SATA" --port 0 --device 0 --type hdd --medium <resized>.vmdk

Wake up the target box again to do the following steps.

% vagrant up
% vagrant ssh

Add a new Linux LVM partition using the command fdisk.

% fdisk -l
Disk /dev/sda
...
/dev/sda1
/dev/sda2
...

% fdisk /dev/sda

Command (m for help): n
Command action
   e   extended
   p   primary partition (1-4)
p
Partition number (1-4): 3  # Enter the last partition number as /dev/sda3
First cylinder (1045-2088, default 1045):
Using default value 1045
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (1045-2088, default 2088):
Using default value 2088

Command (m for help): p
...
/dev/sda1 ... Linux
/dev/sda2 ... Linux LVM
/dev/sda3 ... Linux

Command (m for help): t
Partition number (1-4): 3
Hex code (type L to list codes): 8e # Linux LVM

Command (m for help): p
...
/dev/sda1 ... Linux
/dev/sda2 ... Linux LVM
/dev/sda3 ... Linux LVM

Command (m for help): w

% shutdown -r now

Create and add a new physical volume into the volume group.

% pvdisplay
...
PV Name               /dev/sda2

% pvcreate /dev/sda3
Physical volume "/dev/sda3" successfully created

% pvdisplay
...
PV Name               /dev/sda2
...
PV Name               /dev/sda3
...

% vgdisplay
--- Volume group ---
VG Name               VolGroup
...
VG Size               7.51 GiB
PE Size               4.00 MiB
...
Free  PE / Size       0 / 0

% vgextend VolGroup /dev/sda3
Volume group "VolGroup" successfully extended

% vgdisplay
--- Volume group ---
VG Name               VolGroup
...
VG Size               15.50 GiB
PE Size               4.00 MiB
...
Free  PE / Size       2046 / 7.99 GiB

Extend the logical volume to the size Free PE * PE Size.

% lvdisplay
--- Logical volume ---
LV Path                /dev/VolGroup/lv_root
...
LV Size                6.71 GiB

# 2046(Free PE) * 4.00(PE Size) = 8184
% lvextend -L +8184 /dev/VolGroup/lv_root
Logical volume lv_root successfully resized

% lvdisplay
--- Logical volume ---
LV Path                /dev/VolGroup/lv_root
...
LV Size                14.70 GiB

Use resize2fs to apply the logical volume size on the file system.

% resize2fs -f /dev/VolGroup/lv_root

Closing Detached Media

% VBoxManage list hdds
...
% VBoxManage closemedium disk <UUID>

VBoxManage: error: Failed to create the host-only adapter

The following error may happen when trying vargrant up with network options.

Command: ["hostonlyif", "create"]

Stderr: 0%...
Progress state: NS_ERROR_FAILURE
VBoxManage: error: Failed to create the host-only adapter
VBoxManage: error: VBoxNetAdpCtl: Error while adding new interface: failed to open /dev/vboxnetctl: No such file or directory
VBoxManage: error: Details: code NS_ERROR_FAILURE (0x80004005), component HostNetworkInterfaceWrap, interface IHostNetworkInterface
VBoxManage: error: Context: "RTEXITCODE handleCreate(HandlerArg *)" at line 94 of file VBoxManageHostonly.cpp

In order to reset /dev/vbox*, simply restart VirtualBox.

macOS:

sudo /Library/Application\ Support/VirtualBox/LaunchDaemons/VirtualBoxStartup.sh restart

See also, https://github.com/hashicorp/vagrant/issues/7212

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