Source

Reported Speech

said

間接話法 Reported Speech により、誰かが話していたことを伝えることができる。

直接話法 Directed Speech の Someone said, “…” を、間接話法の Someone said that … の形に置き換える。話し手が、現在形で話していたなら that 節は said と同じ過去形に合わせるが、現在も変わっていないことが明らかなら、現在形のままでよい。

  • She said, “I’m a teacher.”
    • She said that she was a teacher.
    • She said that she is a teacher. （今も先生であることが明らか場合）
  • He said, “I’m looking for a job.” Now, he works for Google.
    • He said that he was looking for a job.
    • He said that he is looking for a job. （今は仕事を探していない）
  • He said, “I’ve quit my job.”
    • He said that he had quit his job. （話していた時点で辞めてしまっている）

過去形で話していたなら that 節は過去形または過去完了形に置き換える。

  • He said, “I woke up at 9:00.”
    • He said that he woke up at 9:00.
    • He said that he had woken up at 9:00.

told

誰に対して話していたかを伝えたいときは told someone that … を使う。

  • “I’m going to Tokyo on business,” I said to him.
    • I told him that I was going to Tokyo on business.

told someone to … も使える。

  • “Don’t work for a few days,” the doctor said to me.
    • The doctor told me not to work for a few days.

質問（疑問形）の場合は asked を使う。

  • “Could you tell me the way to the station?,” she said to me.
    • She asked me to tell her the way to the station.

asked

asked で質問された内容を伝えることができる。

  • He said, “What are you willing to sacrifice?”
    • He asked what I was willing to sacrifice.
  • He said, “What time does the post office close?”
    • He asked what time the post office closed.
  • He said, “When did you wake up?”
    • He asked when I had woken up.
  • He said, “Where are you living?”
    • He asked where I was living.
  • He said, “Why didn’t you come to the party?”
    • He asked why I didn’t come to the party.
  • He said, “Who speaks to her?”
    • He asked who spoke to her.
  • He said, “Which is the best CMS?”
    • He asked which the best CMS was.
  • He said, “Which answer is correct?”
    • He asked which answer was correct.
  • He said, “How are you?”
    • He asked how I was.
  • He said, “How long have you been working at the present job?”
    • He asked how long I had been working at the present job.

Yes / No の質問の場合は ask (if|whether) を使う。

  • He said, “Do you have a car?”
    • He asked if I had a car (or not).
  • He said, “Can you play the guitar?”
    • He asked whether I could play the guitar (or not).